INCREDIBLE HORIZONS 

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Superscript

What Are Speech Sound Disorders?

Most children naturally learn to say sounds correctly by hearing other people say them.  There are certain sounds that are typically acquired earlier and others that come a little later.  For example, it’s perfectly normal for a small child to say “tat” for “cat” and “wing” for “ring”.  But as the child grows up, they should learn to say those sounds correctly.

For some children, learning to say speech sounds correctly is not that easy.  These children may have difficulty pronouncing just a few sounds or they may have trouble pronouncing many sounds.  These children are considered to have a speech sound disorder.

Will a Child Grow Out of a Speech Sound Disorder?

Some children with speech sound disorders will grow out of it and learn the sounds eventually on their own.  Others will require speech therapy to show them how to say the sounds.  Unfortunately, there is no way to tell if your child will be the kind to grow out or the kind to need help.  The earlier speech therapy is started, the better the outcomes generally are.  If a speech sound error is left untreated for too long, it can become permanent (into adulthood).  When it doubt, it is always best to seek professional help from a speech therapist for your child’s speech sound errors.

What Sounds Should My Child Be Able to Say?

Certain sounds in the English language are considered “harder” sounds and we do not expect young children to have mastered them yet.  For example, a 3-year-old does not need to know how to say /r/ yet.  Some 3-year-olds can say /r/ but many cannot and that is fine.  Below is a chart of sounds and the ages by which most children have mastered the sound.  This does not mean that a sound cannot be worked on before that age, it just means that the research shows that there are still some children struggling to learn the sound up until that age.  As I mentioned above, it’s always better to start working on sounds earlier, but if the sound your child is missing is way above his or her age, it’s safe to wait a while to see if he or she learns the sound spontaneously.

Sound Age Chart

What About Phonological Processes?

Along with knowing certain sounds, children should also have certain classes of sounds.  Click the link below to learn more about phonological processes and which ones your child should or shouldn’t be using:

Phonological Processes: What are they, when should they disappear, and how to fix them if they don’t

What Do I Do If My Child is Unable to Say a Sound?

The first thing you should do is consult a speech-language pathologist.  Only a professional will be able to identify if there is indeed a problem and know the best approach to treat that problem.  However, while you are waiting for your appointment or while your child is enrolled in speech therapy, there are things you can do at home to help your child along.  Keep reading to find information based on the type of speech problem.

Learn the 7 Easy Things You Can Do Today to Improve Your Child’s Speech and Language Skills

How to Teach a Child Any New Skill By Fading Supports

How to Teach a New Sound

These therapy approaches are great for speech-language pathologists or for parents who want to help at home.

My Best Resource:

All-in-one artic website

All-In-One Articulation Program and Materials Kit

I have combined all of my best resources on teaching speech sounds into this one product!  This product will save you time and money because it contains everything that you need to do articulation therapy.  It will take you step-by-step through the process and show you exactly what you need to do to teach a child a new sound.  Plus, it contains all of the visual aids, artic cards, and therapy materials that you will need.  This product will take you from screening a child all the way through promoting carry-over in conversational speech.  It is hands down the best product I have for teaching speech sounds.

Click Here to See the Articulation Program for SLPs

Click Here to See the Articulation Program for Parents

How to Teach Sounds: Step-By-Step Guide (Podcast)

Operation: Better Speech! My in-depth e-book that will explain how to teach a new sound from start to finish Teach a Sound in Isolation: The first steps in the articulation approach to therapy How to Teach the /f/ Sound: A video demo of how to teach a child to master the /f/ sound How to Teach the /k/ and /g/ Sounds: Video with tips on how to elicit the tricky /k/ and /g/ sounds How to Teach the /l/ Sound: Information on how to teach the /l/ sound

How to Help Children Who Have Trouble Putting Sounds Together

Some children are able to say sounds by themselves (like “kuh kuh”) but when they try to pair the sounds together with various vowels (like “cow”), they have trouble with the sequencing part.  If a child has a lot of speech errors or very inconsistent speech errors, it may be beneficial to just start with short words that only combine one consonant with one vowel, also called Consonant-Vowel (CV) or Vowel-Consonant (VC).  Once the child is able to do this consistently, then you can add more consonants and vowels one by one.  Here are some word cards that you can print that do just that: Articulation Cards: CV, VC, CVC, CVCV Word Structures Click here to download the Multi-Syllabic Words Artic Cards and Worksheets for free!

What if the Child Has Trouble with a Whole Class of Sounds

Some children have difficulty with many sounds.  These sounds can be grouped into classes of sounds that share similar characteristics.  Some children benefit from working on an entire class of sounds at once instead of just one at a time.  This approach is called a phonological therapy approach.   You might work on sounds that are all produced in the back of the mouth (like /k/ and /g/) or all long sounds that are produced with continuous air flow (like /f/, /s/, /z/, etc.).  Here are a few resources to get you started: Phonological Processes: What are they, when should they disappear, and how to fix them if they don’t How to Teach Fricatives (Long Sounds) to Kids   Click here to download the free PDF guide to teaching an entire class of sounds. Initial Consonant Deletion: How to Fix It Final Consonant Deletion: For kids who drop off the last consonants of words

How to Help a Child Learn to Say a New Sound in Conversation

Once you teach the child how to say a speech sound correctly in single words and sentences, you will want to help the child generalize that skill so he begins to say it correctly in conversational speech as well.  This will take time and practice but there are things you can do to help the child learn it.   Click here to download the Sounds in Structured Conversation Program for free!

Articulation Therapy Carry-Over Program: Generalizing the new sound to conversational speech

How to Increase Self-Awareness and Carry-Over When Teaching New Skills

What Tips Can Improve a Child’s Participation in Speech Sessions?

Can Speech Therapy Be Done in 5 Minutes?  How Long Should Sessions Be at Home or School?

5 Quick Steps You Can Take to Get A Child Interested in Therapy

Popsicle Stick Therapy Game

How to Do Speech Therapy at Home

PowerPoint Speech Therapy Ideas

Yoga Speech Therapy Activities

What About that Tricky /r/?

In my experience, /r/ is one of the most difficult sounds for a child to learn.  Try these resources to help you:

How to Teach /r/ with Christine Ristuccia (Founder of Say it Right): Christine walks us through exactly how to do speech therapy for the /r/ sound.  Love it!

/r/ Therapy: A Case Study with Therapy Ideas

What to do About Lisps?

There are two types of common lisps.  The first type is called a frontal lisp.  With this lisp, the tongue tip is too far forward when producing the /s/ and /z/ sounds.  The tongue tip may even be visible between the teeth.  The second type of lisp is a lateral lisp.  With a lateral lisp, the air flow for long sounds (/s/, /z/, “sh”, “ch”, “j”, “ge”) goes over the sides of the tongue instead of out the front.  This gives the speech a slushy sound.

Learn about therapy for a lateral lisp

Click Here to download word lists for the lateral lisp sounds that you can use for data collection or therapy

Learn about therapy for a frontal (interdental) lisp

What About the Mumblers?

Some children may not be having trouble with a particular sound or group of sounds, but seem to just mumble all of their words together.  I’ve often heard people refer to this as “mush-mouth”.  Here’s what you can do to stop mumbling:

5 Steps to Cure Mumbling

What is Childhood Apraxia of Speech?

Childhood Apraxia of Speech Resource Page

How to Respond to Teasing and Bullying:

Your Kid Sounds Funny (and other insults you should totally respond to)

Downloadable Speech Sound Therapy Materials

Operation: Better Speech! My in-depth e-book that will explain how to teach a new sound from start to finish

Complete /f/ Program: Teach /f/ from start to finish

Complete /p/ Program: Teach /p/ from start to finish

Complete /b/ Program: Teach /b/ from start to finish

Articulation Cards for All Sounds that You Can Download and Print

Articulation Therapy Carry-Over Program

Browse By Topic:

All Speech Sound Disorder Articles

Phonology

Articulation

Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Conversational Carry-Over

Improving Participation

Downloadable Speech Sound Therapy Materials

Operation: Better Speech! My in-depth e-book that will explain how to teach a new sound from start to finish

Complete /f/ Program: Teach /f/ from start to finish

Complete /p/ Program: Teach /p/ from start to finish

Complete /b/ Program: Teach /b/ from start to finish

Articulation Cards for All Sounds that You Can Download and Print

Articulation Therapy Carry-Over Program

Browse By Topic:

All Speech Sound Disorder Articles

Phonology

Articulation

Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Conversational Carry-Over

Improving Participation

Browse All Speech Articles:

SOTB4: Tongue Thrust Therapy with Laura Powell

By Carrie Clark|September 9th, 2015|Categories: ArticulationFeeding/SwallowingSpeech Sounds|Tags: Therapy Ideas

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SOTB3: Young, Unintelligible Children with Kari Vandongen

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SOTB1: Speech Therapy Motivators with Guest Luke Barber

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Frontal Lisp/Interdental Lisp | Speech Therapy Ideas & Word Lists

By SLPCarrie|January 26th, 2015|Categories: ArticulationSpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a No-Prep Therapy KitHas a VideoHas Printable ResourcesStep-by-Step PlansTherapy Ideas

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Final Consonant Deletion | Activities, Words, and Goals

By SLPCarrie|January 19th, 2015|Categories: PhonologySpeech Sounds|Tags: Can Be Done at HomeHas a CourseHas a No-Prep Therapy KitHas a VideoHas Printable ResourcesHas Sample GoalsStep-by-Step PlansTherapy Ideas

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how to increase self-awareness and carry-over

How to Increase Self-Awareness and Carry-Over

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Phonological Processes: Definition, Examples, and Therapy

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Initial Consonant Deletion: Minimal Pairs and Therapy Activities

By SLPCarrie|October 30th, 2014|Categories: PhonologySpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a CourseHas a No-Prep Therapy KitHas a VideoHas Printable ResourcesStep-by-Step PlansTherapy Ideas

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How to Teach the “f” Sound

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5 Minute Speech Therapy Sessions

5-Minute Speech Therapy Sessions: Faster Progress in Less Time

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Lateral Lisp Exercises for Speech Therapy

By SLPCarrie|July 23rd, 2014|Categories: ArticulationSpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a CourseHas a No-Prep Therapy KitHas a VideoHas Printable ResourcesStep-by-Step PlansTherapy Ideas

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5 Quick Steps You Can Take Today to Get a Child Interested In Therapy

5 Quick Steps You Can Take Today To Get a Child Interested In Therapy

By SLPCarrie|April 3rd, 2014|Categories: Improving ParticipationSensory/BehaviorSpeech SoundsTherapy for Behavior Challenges|Tags: Can Be Done at HomeTherapy Ideas

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Children with Speech Sound Disorders

Children with Speech Sound Disorders

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Ways to Increase Carryover with Families

Ways to Increase Carryover with Families

By Kena Roth|August 8th, 2017|Categories: Conversational Carry-OverSpeech Sounds|Tags: Can Be Done at HomeHas a Video

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Get Rid of your Treasure Box! Alternative Reward Systems

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5 Easy Tips for Articulation Carry-Over

5 Easy Tips for Articulation Carry-Over

By Kena Roth|January 26th, 2017|Categories: ArticulationConversational Carry-OverSpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a VideoTherapy Ideas

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How to Do Speech Therapy for Bilingual Children when you Don't Speak their Language

How to Do Speech Therapy for Bilingual Children when you Don’t Speak their Language

By Kena Roth|January 20th, 2017|Categories: LanguagePhonologySpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a VideoTherapy Ideas

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5 Tips for Eliciting the /k/ and /g/ Sounds in Speech Therapy

5 Tips for Eliciting the /k/ and /g/ Sounds in Speech Therapy

By Kena Roth|December 8th, 2016|Categories: ArticulationPhonologySpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a No-Prep Therapy KitHas a VideoTherapy Ideas

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5-easy-steps-to-teaching-%2fr%2f-in-speech-therapy

5 Easy Steps to Teaching /r/ in Speech Therapy

By Kena Roth|November 10th, 2016|Categories: ArticulationSpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a VideoTherapy Ideas

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How to Make 5-Minute Speech Sessions Work in a Busy School

By SLPCarrie|September 19th, 2016|Categories: ArticulationImproving ParticipationPaperwork & AdminPhonologyService Delivery ModelsSpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a VideoTherapy Ideas

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Speech Therapy for a Not Fully-Repaired Cleft Palate

Speech Therapy for a Not Fully-Repaired Cleft Palate

By SLPCarrie|July 18th, 2016|Categories: ArticulationSpeech SoundsVoice/Resonance|Tags: Has a VideoTherapy Ideas

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Nasal Emission Speech Therapy Activities and Ideas

By SLPCarrie|July 18th, 2016|Categories: ArticulationSpeech SoundsVoice/Resonance|Tags: Has a VideoHas Printable Resources

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Overview of Speech Therapy for Children with Cleft Palate

Overview of Speech Therapy for Children with Cleft Palate

By SLPCarrie|July 4th, 2016|Categories: ArticulationSpeech SoundsVoice/Resonance|Tags: Therapy Ideas

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How to Help Parents Understand the Importance of Speech Therapy and How to Help at Home

By SLPCarrie|January 18th, 2016|Categories: Collaborating with Educators, Caregivers, ProfessionalsConversational Carry-OverImproving ParticipationLanguagePaperwork & AdminSocial CommunicationSpeech Sounds|Tags: Can Be Done at HomeHas a Video

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Hide the Penny Game for Phonological Therapy

By SLPCarrie|November 23rd, 2015|Categories: PhonologySpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a VideoTherapy Ideas

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Articulation and Phonological Therapy Approaches: How to Choose

By SLPCarrie|November 9th, 2015|Categories: ArticulationPhonologySpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a No-Prep Therapy KitHas Printable ResourcesTherapy Ideas

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Cycles Approach for Speech Therapy | Steps and Therapy Plan

By SLPCarrie|November 2nd, 2015|Categories: PhonologySpeech Sounds|Tags: Has a CourseHas a No-Prep Therapy KitHas a VideoHas Printable ResourcesStep-by-Step PlansTherapy Ideas

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SOTB5: Lateral Lisp Therapy with Meredith Avren

By Carrie Clark|September 21st, 2015|Categories: ArticulationSpeech Sounds|Tags: Therapy Ideas

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/f/ Articulation Homework: Complete Home Program/p/ Articulation Homework: Complete Home Program/b/ Articulation Homework-Home ProgramArticulation Therapy Carry-Over ProgramArticulation Cards: /b/ and /p/Fill-In BINGO Speech Therapy ActivitiesSpeech and Language Kids PodcastUsing PowerPoint to Create Speech and Language ActivitiesYoga Speech Therapy


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Using the EET Tool

Using the Expanding Expressions Tool (EET) in Speech Therapy

In this video, speech-language pathologist Carrie Clark discusses the EET tool (expanding expressions tool) and how it can be used in speech therapy. Product Page for the EET: http://www.expandingexpression.com/thekit.html Great Explanation of the EET: http://consonantlyspeaking.com/posts/2012/08/abcs-4-slps-e-is-for-expanding-expression-tool-eet Things to Use it For: conversational skills (expanding a topic) writing

Making Literacy Therapy More Relevant for a Teen with Dyslexia and Dysgraphia

Making Literacy Therapy More Relevant for a Teen with Dyslexia and Dysgraphia

In this video, Speech-language pathologist Carrie Clark discusses ways to make literacy therapy more relevant and helpful for a teen who has dyslexia and dysgraphia. Use Classwork: Find opportunities to work on reading practice within the student’s homework or assignments: Look for and practice specific spelling